Sodium sulphate, as a common inorganic salt, plays an important role in many fields. However, due to its inherent property limitations, the application potential of sodium sulfate has not been fully exploited. In order to expand its application fields, researchers are committed to exploring the derivatives of sodium sulfate, which maintain the basic properties of sodium sulfate and give it new properties and uses by introducing specific functional groups.
First Derivatives of sodium sulfate
Derivatives of sodium sulfate are mainly divided into two categories: one is the introduction of functional groups of sodium sulfate compounds, and the other is the composite derivatives obtained by compounding with other substances.
1. Sodium sulfate compounds introducing functional groups
By introducing specific functional groups into the molecule of sodium sulfate, its solubility, reactivity, adsorption and other properties can be changed, thus expanding its application in different fields. For example, the introduction of hydrophobic groups can improve the application of sodium sulfate in oil-water separation; the introduction of photosensitive groups can be used in the field of photocatalysis.
2.Composite sodium sulfate derivatives
Sodium sulfate is compounded with other substances to obtain composite materials with specific properties. For example, composite of sodium sulfate and polymer material can get high performance composite material; composite of sodium sulfate and active material can be used in adsorption or catalysis field.
Second, the synthesis method of sodium sulfate derivatives
1. Chemical synthesis method
Chemical synthesis method is to introduce functional groups in sodium sulfate molecule through chemical reaction, such as esterification, sulfonation, phosphorylation and other reactions. This method can obtain the target product with higher purity, but the synthesis process is more complicated and sometimes requires the use of toxic and harmful reagents.
For example, esterification is a common synthetic method in which an alcohol reacts with sodium bisulfate to form an ester by heating the alcohol and sodium sulfate under acidic conditions. Sulphonation is the reaction of sodium bisulphate with a sulphonic acid-containing substance at a certain temperature and pressure to produce a sulphonate. Phosphorylation reaction is the reaction of phosphoric acid and sodium bisulfate to produce phosphate.
2. Physical modification method
Physical modification method is through physical means (such as surfactant treatment, high-energy radiation, etc.) to modify sodium sulfate, so that it has new properties. This method is easy to operate and environmentally friendly, but sometimes the modification effect is not as obvious as chemical synthesis.
For example, surfactant treatment is to add surfactant to sodium sulfate solution, and through physical adsorption or chemical bonding, the surfactant combines with sodium sulfate to change its surface properties. High-energy radiation method is the use of high-energy radiation such as ultraviolet light, X-rays, etc. on the treatment of sodium sulfate, so that its surface or internal structure changes, thereby changing its properties.
3 Composite method
Composite method is to compound sodium sulfate with other substances, so as to obtain a composite material with specific properties. For example, the sodium sulfate and polymer composite materials can be obtained from high-performance composite materials; sodium sulfate and active substance composite can be used in the field of adsorption or catalysis.
For example, compounding sodium sulfate with polymers can be achieved by methods such as solution casting, hot pressing, or in situ polymerisation. These methods can make the polymer and sodium sulfate tightly bonded to form a composite material with excellent performance. At the same time, by selecting different polymers and preparation conditions, the structure and properties of the composites can be modulated to meet the needs of different applications.